允

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See also: 充
允 U+5141, 允
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5141
← 兀
[U+5140] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兂 →
[U+5142]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

允 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition ⿱厶儿)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 265, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5141

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 允

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 允
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j20520

j20521

j20522

j20523

j20524

j20525

j20526

j20527

j20528

j20529

j20530

j20531

j20532

j20533

j20534

j20535

j20536

j20537

j20538

j20539

j20540

j20541

j20542

j20543

j20544

j20545

j20546

j20547

j20548

j20549

j20550

j20551

j20552

j20553

j20554

j20555

j20556

j20557

j20558

j20559

j20560

j20561

j20562

j20563

j20564

j20565

j20566

j20567

j20568

j20569

j20570

j20571

j20572

j20573

j20574

j20575

j20576

j20577

j20578

j20579

j20580

j20581

j20582

j20583

j20584

j20585

j20586

j20587

j20596

j20597

j20598

j20599

j20600

j20601

j20602

j20603

j20604

j20605

j20606

j20607

j20608

j20609

j20610

j20611

j20612

j20613

j20614

j20615

j20616

j20617

j20622

Bronze inscriptions

b13468

b13469

b13470

b13471

Small seal script

s06202

Transcribed ancient scripts

L15716

L15717

L15718

L15719

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (允) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唆 *sloːl
梭 *sloːl
葰 *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul
誜 *sroːls
朘 *ʔslon
捘 *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
荾 *slul
酸 *sloːn
狻 *sloːn
痠 *sloːn
鋑 *ʔslon
脧 *ʔsluːl
悛 *sʰlon
吮 *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ
萒 *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ
沇 *lonʔ
抁 *lonʔ
馻 *lonʔ, *lunʔ
兖 *lonʔ
渷 *lonʔ
兗 *lonʔ
焌 *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud
允 *lunʔ
狁 *lunʔ
玧 *lunʔ
俊 *ʔsluns
晙 *ʔsluns, *sluns
餕 *ʔsluns
畯 *ʔsluns
駿 *ʔsluns
竣 *sʰlun
皴 *sʰlun
逡 *sʰlun
踆 *sʰlun
夋 *sʰlun
埈 *sluns
陖 *sluns
鵕 *sluns
浚 *sluns
峻 *sluns

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod.

Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿 (“person”).

Etymology[edit]

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ:

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 允
Mandarin Beijing /yn²¹⁴/
/ʐuən²¹⁴/
Harbin /yn²¹³/
Tianjin /yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yn⁵³/
Xi'an /yẽ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ⁵¹/
/vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
/yoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ĩ⁵³/
Nanjing /yn²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /yən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn³⁵/
Nanning /wɐn³⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²¹³/
Rime
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余準切
Baxter ywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwinX/
Li
Rong 		/iuĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/jĭuĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯uĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǔn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǔn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ywinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]u[r]ʔ/
English truly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
No. 16452
Phonetic
component 		允
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		尹
Old
Chinese 		/*lunʔ/
Notes 說文以聲

Definitions[edit]

允

  1. † to allow; to consent; to permit
    允許／允许  ―  yǔnxǔ  ―  to allow
  2. † fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial
    公允  ―  gōngyǔn  ―  fair
  3. † proper; suitable; appropriate
  4. † honest; genuine
  5. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to allow):
  • (fair):
  • (proper):
  • (honest):

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

允

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

允(まこと) • (Makoto) 

  1. a male given name

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

允 (eum 윤 (yun))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

允: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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