月

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See also: ⺼, 冃, 青, ㈪, ㊊, and 🈷

月 U+6708, 月
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6708
← 朇
[U+6707] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 有 →
[U+6709]
⽉ U+2F49, ⽉
KANGXI RADICAL MOON
← ⽈
[U+2F48] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽊ →
[U+2F4A]

⺝ U+2E9D, ⺝
CJK RADICAL MOON
← ⺜
[U+2E9C] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⺞ →
[U+2E9E]
㈪ U+322A, ㈪
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH MOON
← ㈩
[U+3229] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈫ →
[U+322B]
㊊ U+328A, ㊊
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH MOON
← ㊉
[U+3289] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊋ →
[U+328B]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 74 月

月 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月 (B), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵⺆𠄠)

  1. Kangxi radical #74, ⽉.

Usage notes[edit]

Do not confuse 月 with ⺼, a form of 肉 (“flesh, meat”) when used as the left-hand radical of a character. ⺼ is used for parts of the body such as 背 (“back”) or 肝 (“liver”). These may be written identically as 月, but in careful use they are distinguished, with the inside of ⺼ being written with unattached diagonal strokes. This is particularly an issue in looking up characters by radical; compare the 月 index and 肉 index.

Older/orthodox forms such as the Kangxi dictionary forms may additionally distinguish components that are related to neither 月 nor 肉, such as e.g. 朋, 前 or 服 where the two horizontal strokes 一 would be written as two unattached dots 丶 instead. Also, the bottom part of 青(靑) components would be written as 円. The orthodox 月 and ⺼ components, while similar, would still be distinguished slightly: they both use horizontal strokes, but ⺼ connects them to the ⺆ shape on both sides, and 月 only connects them on the left side.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 879, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2041, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6708

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 月
alternative forms 𡇹
𠥱
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 月 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • goe̍h (Southern Min)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 月
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (月) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
刖 *ŋroːd, *ŋod, *ŋuːd
枂 *ŋoːd, *ŋod
月 *ŋod
跀 *ŋod
抈 *ŋod
鈅 *ŋod
玥 *ŋod
蚏 *ɢod

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a crescent moon. Compare 夕 (xī).

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋʷ(j)a-t (“moon; star”), whence also Magar [Term?] (gya hot, “moon”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *mwatᴸ (“star; moon”) (whence Lahu məʔ-kə (“star”)), Drung gurmet (“star”) (Matisoff, 1980; LaPolla, 1987; STEDT).

Various alternative etymologies have also been proposed:

  • Unger (1992) proposes cognation with Tibetan ངོ (ngo, “waxing and waning moon; half moon”) (as in མར་ངོ (mar ngo, “waning moon”) and ཡར་ངོ (yar ngo, “waxing moon”)), which Schuessler (2007) connects to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋow (“white; light colour”). However, Sagart (1999) points out that the Tibetan word may be analyzed as a derivative of Tibetan ངོ (ngo, “face”), which would mean the semantic connection between “moon” and “face” had to occur either independently in Chinese and Tibetan or in Proto-Sino-Tibetan; it also requires positing a suffix -t in Chinese.
  • Pulleybank (1995a) proposes another etymology based on the glyph for 名 (míng) (reconstructed as *màŋʲ), which he analyses as a phono-semantic compound of phonetic 夕 (xī, “moon”) and semantic 口 (kǒu, “mouth”). He suggests that the phonetic component represents a lost word *màŋʲ (“moon”), and reconstructs 月 as *mŋʲ (consonantal frame of “moon”) + *-at (suffix) > *ŋʲʷat. However, there are more straightforward ways of explaining the glyph origin of 名 (míng) (see there), which would nullify the hypothesis of the lost word.
  • Related to 越 (“to pass over; to cross over”) in some way.
    • Mei (1979) derives 月 from 越 (OC **gjot > *gwjat): **N-gjot > *ngwjat. Also in this proposed word family is 歲 (OC **s-gjots > *skwjadh, “year”). The semantics of this word family is centred around "to pass; to elapse". While Matisoff (1980) seems supportive of this word family, STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”) for 越 and 歲／岁 (suì), separate from the root for 月.
    • Ferlus (2012) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ŋ.wat and puts it in a word family formed from a Chinese root *wat, having a meaning of "circularity" or "circular boundary". This proposed word family includes 越 (OC *wat, “to cross over”), as in "to cross the enclosure of the village", and 外 (OC *ŋ.wat-s, “outside”), as in "out of the enclosure of the village".

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ngut5 - literary;
  • ngut5-4 - “month”;
  • ngut5-4* - “moon”.
Note:
  • ge̍h/ge̍rh/goe̍h/gōe/gēr - vernacular;
  • goa̍t - literary.
Note:
  • (Shanghainese) 8yuq, 8yoq - common;
  • (Shanghainese) 8gniuq, 8gnioq - expected from historical rime;
  • (Suzhounese) 8ngeq - colloquial;
  • (Suzhounese) 8yuq - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 月
Mandarin Beijing /yɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /yɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ye⁵³/
Jinan /yə²¹/
Qingdao /yə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /yɛ²¹/
Xining /yu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ye¹³/
Lanzhou /yə¹³/
Ürümqi /yɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ye²¹³/
Chengdu /ye³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /yeʔ⁵/
Hefei /yɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
Pingyao /yʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /yaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ¹/
/ȵioʔ¹/
/ɦyɪʔ¹/
/ȵyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦyəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ue²²/
Tunxi /ȵyɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ye²⁴/
Xiangtan /yæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ȵyɵʔ²/ ～光
/ȵyɵʔ⁵/ 一個～
Hakka Meixian /ŋiat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyt̚²/
Nanning /yt̚²²/
Hong Kong /jyt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /guat̚⁵/
/geʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋuoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋyɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /gueʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zuak̚⁵/
/vue³³/
/kɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 月
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 元 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚厥切
Baxter ngjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 月
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ]ʷat/
English moon, month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 月
Reading # 1/1
No. 16319
Phonetic
component 		月
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		月
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋod/

Definitions[edit]

月

  1. (literary or dialectal) moon (Classifier: 輪／轮 m)
  2. moon-shaped; round like a moon
    月琴  ―  yuèqín  ―  yueqin, moon zither
  3. (literary) moonlight
  4. (Cantonese, in compounds) Short for 月餅／月饼 (“mooncake”).
    雙黃蓮蓉月／双黄莲蓉月 [Cantonese]  ―  soeng1 wong4-2 lin4 jung4 jyut6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  lotus seed paste mooncake with two yolks
  5. month (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)
    Synonyms: 月份 (yuèfèn), 號頭／号头 (3hhau-deu) (Wu)
  6. monthly
    月薪  ―  yuèxīn  ―  monthly wage
  7. Classifier for months.
  8. a surname
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:月.

Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 月亮 (“moon”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 月, 白兔 figurative, 蟾蜍 figurative, 蟾宮 figurative, 月宮 figurative, 嬋娟 figurative
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 月亮, 月球 astronomy
Mandarin Beijing 月亮, 玉兔兒
Taiwan 月亮
Tianjin 月亮
Langfang 月亮
Tangshan 月亮
Cangzhou 月亮
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 月亮
Baoding 月亮
Shijiazhuang 月亮, 老母兒
Daming 月亮
Ulanhot 月亮
Tongliao 月亮
Chifeng 月亮
Bayanhot 月亮
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 月亮
Heihe 月亮
Qiqihar 月亮
Harbin 月亮
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 月亮
Jiamusi 月亮
Baicheng 月亮
Changchun 月亮
Tonghua 月亮
Shenyang 月亮
Dandong 月亮
Jinzhou 月亮, 月兒
Dalian 月亮
Yantai 月亮
Yantai (Muping) 月亮兒
Qingdao 月亮
Lijin 月亮, 月麼帝兒
Weifang (Weicheng) 月明
Weifang (Fangzi) 月明
Weifang (Hanting) 月明
Changyi 月明
Gaomi 月明
Zhucheng 月明, 月媽媽兒
Anqiu 月明
Changle 月明
Linqu 月明
Qingzhou 月明
Shouguang 月明
Rizhao 月嬤嬤, 月亮兒
Wulian 月亮
Jinan 月亮, 月亮奶奶
Jinan (Zhangqiu) 月亮, 月門奶奶
Jining 月姥娘, 月爺爺
Luoyang 月亮, 月奶奶
Wanrong 月爺
Wanrong (Ronghe) 月明
Shangqiu 月亮, 月奶奶, 月門帝兒
Yuanyang 月亮, 月明
Zhengzhou 月明, 月亮, 月奶奶
Kaifeng 月亮, 月奶奶 childish
Lingbao 月亮
Xinyang 月亮
Ankang 月亮
Ankang (Xianhe) 月亮
Baihe 月亮, 太陰
Baihe (Maoping) 月亮
Shiquan 月亮
Ziyang 月亮
Hanzhong 月亮
Xi'an 月亮, 月亮爺
Dingbian 月亮兒
Baoji 月亮, 月婆
Yinchuan 月亮
Yongning (Najiahu) 月亮
Wuzhong 月亮
Yanchi 月亮
Zhongwei 月亮
Guyuan 月
Longde 月亮
Jingyuan 月亮
Tianshui 月亮
Lanzhou 月亮
Dunhuang 月亮
Tianzhu 月亮
Xining 月亮
Hami 月亮
Ürümqi 月亮
Ürümqi (Xigou) 月亮
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 月亮
Yanqi 月亮
Wuhan 月亮
Yichang 月亮
Xiangyang 月亮, 月亮帝兒
Tianmen 月亮
Hong'an 月亮
Chengdu 月亮
Chengdu (Xindu) 月亮
Nanchong 月亮
Nanbu 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Dazhou 月亮
Hanyuan 月亮
Xichang 月亮
Zigong 月亮
Muli 月亮
Chongqing 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Lhasa 月亮
Guiyang 月亮
Zunyi 月亮, 月婆子
Bijie 月亮
Liping 月亮
Zhaotong 太陰
Dali 月亮嬤嬤
Kunming 月亮, 太陰 dated
Wenshan 月亮, 太陰
Mengzi 月亮, 太陰
Lancang 月亮
Weixi 月亮, 太陰, 月亮嬤嬤 childish
Guilin 月亮
Guilin (Lingui) 月亮
Lipu 月亮
Pingle 月亮
Liuzhou 月亮
Liuzhou (Luorong) 月亮
Luzhai 月亮
Sanjiang (Danzhou) 月亮
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 月亮
Nanning (Fujian) 月亮
Nanning (Wuming) 月亮
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 月亮
Binyang (Nanjie) 月亮
Yizhou 月亮, 月亮光
Luocheng (Dongmen) 月亮
Tianlin (Langping) 月亮
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 月亮
Qinzhou (Longmengang) 月亮
Jishou 月亮
Changde 月亮
Yongzhou 月亮
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 月亮
Anqing 月亮
Zongyang 月亮
Xuzhou 月老娘, 月亮
Pizhou 月朗娘
Ganyu 月亮
Fuyang 月亮
Wuhu 月亮
Wuhu (Qingshui) 月亮, 月亮巴巴 childish
Xuancheng 月亮, 月亮巴巴 childish
Tongling 月亮
Yangzhou 涼月子, 月亮
Baoying 涼月
Lianyungang 月亮, 亮月
Donghai 涼月
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 涼月
Lianshui 月亮, 亮月
Xuyi 涼月
Xinghua 涼月子
Nanjing 月亮, 月亮公公
Hefei 月亮
Bengbu 月亮, 月老娘
Chuzhou 月亮巴巴
Nantong 月亮, 涼月兒, 涼月子
Rugao 涼月子
Yancheng 涼月子
Funing 涼月子
Sihong 涼月, 月亮
Taizhou 涼月子
Zhenjiang 涼月
Qimen (Anling Junhua) 月亮
Yanping 月亮
Jiangshan (Nianbadu) 月亮
Kaihua (Huabu) 月亮
Yushan (Huaiyu) 月光
Anji (Ancheng; Henan) 月亮
Anji (Ancheng; Anqing) 月亮
Anji (Lianmin; Hubei) 月亮
Xiangshan (Juexi) 月亮
Malaysia 月亮
Singapore 月亮
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 月亮 full, 月兒 crescent, 天燈
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 月亮
Kokang 月亮
Dagudi (Maliba) 月亮
Reshuitang (Longling) 月亮
Mae Salong (Lancang) 月亮, 太陰
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 月亮
Oudomxay 月
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 月亮
Cantonese Guangzhou 月光, 月亮, 月
Hong Kong 月光, 月亮, 月
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 月
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 月光
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 月光
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 月光
Macau 月光
Guangzhou (Panyu) 月光
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 月光
Guangzhou (Conghua) 月乸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 月光
Foshan 月光
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 月光, 月
Foshan (Shunde) 月光
Foshan (Sanshui) 月光
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 月光
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 月光
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka) 月公, 月光
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 月光
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 月光
Zhuhai (Doumen) 月公
Jiangmen (Baisha) 月光
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 月, 月亮
Taishan 月光, 月
Taishan (Guanghai) 月亮
Kaiping (Chikan) 婆梳, 月頭
Enping (Niujiang) 婆梳
Heshan (Yayao) 月光
Dongguan 月光
Shenzhen (Luohu) 月光
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 月基
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 月光
Qingyuan 月光
Fogang 月乸
Yingde (Hanguang) 月光
Yangshan 月光
Lianshan (Butian) 月亮
Lianshan (Yonghe) 月亮
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 月光
Shaoguan 月光
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 月光
Renhua 月光
Lechang 月光
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 月光
Sihui 月光
Guangning 月光
Deqing 月亮光
Huaiji 月亮
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 月亮
Yunfu 月光
Xinxing 月亮
Luoding 月光
Yunan (Pingtai) 月光
Yangjiang 月亮, 月光
Xinyi 月光, 月靚
Maoming (Xinpo) 月靚
Lianjiang 月光
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 月爹
Nanning 月光
Nanning (Tanka) 月光
Wuzhou 月光
Yulin 月亮
Hepu (Lianzhou) 月亮, 月光
Hepu (Shatian) 月光
Guiping 月光
Guiping (Jintian) 月光
Guiping (Jiangkou) 月光
Guiping (Madong) 月亮
Guiping (Mule) 月光
Pingnan 月光
Pingnan (Danzhu) 月亮
Mengshan (Xihe) 月亮
Mengshan (Xinxu) 月光, 太陰
Mengshan (Chentang) 月亮
Guigang (Gangcheng) 月光
Guigang (Nanjiang) 月光
Guigang (Pingdong) 月光
Beiliu 月亮
Beiliu (Tangliao) 月亮
Baise 月光
Bobai 月光
Lingshan 月亮
Pubei 月亮
Qinzhou 月光
Qinzhou (Xiaodong) 月亮
Qinzhou (Changtan) 月亮, 月光
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 月亮
Beihai 月光
Beihai (Nankang) 月光爹
Beihai (Yingpan) 月光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 月光, 月亮
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 月, 月光
Ningming 月光
Hengzhou 月光
Hezhou (Pumen) 月光
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 月光, 月亮
Dongxing 月光
Chongzuo (Laituan) 月光
Fusui (Qujiu) 月光
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 月光
Pingle (Majia) 月光
Pingle (Shuishan) 月光
Lipu (Zhaicun) 月亮
Danzhou 月亮
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 月翁
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 月光
Ipoh (Guangfu) 月亮
Sarikei (Xinhui) 夜月
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 月光
Móng Cái 月光, 月亮
Yangon (Taishan) 月
Mandalay (Taishan) 月亮
Bangkok (Guangfu) 月光
Gan Nanchang 月光
Pengze 月亮
Poyang 月光
Yugan 月光
Wannian 月光
Yiyang, Jiangxi 月光
Hengfeng 月光
Yanshan 月光
Lichuan 月
Pingxiang 月光, 月皛 suburban
Liuyang 月光, 月亮
Jianning 月光
Taining 月光
Ankang (Niuti) 月亮
Hakka Meixian 月光, 月華, 月
Xingning 月光
Dabu (Xihe) 月光
Dabu (Gaobei) 月光
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 月光
Fengshun (Fengliang) 月光
Fengshun (Pantian) 月光
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 月光, 月亮
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 月光
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 月光
Huiyang 月光
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 月光
Huidong (Daling) 月光
Dongguan (Qingxi) 月光
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 月光
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 月光
Boluo (Bendihua) 月光
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 月光
Shenzhen (Luohu) 月光
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 月光
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 月光
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 月光
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 月光
Wuhua (Huacheng) 月光
Wuhua (Changbu) 月光
Wuhua (Mianyang) 月光
Heyuan (Bendihua) 月光
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 月光
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 月光
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 月光
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 月光
Lianping 月光
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 月光
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 月光
Wengyuan 月光
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 月光
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 月光
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 月光
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 月光
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 月光
Liannan 月光
Conghua (Lütian) 月光
Jiexi 月光
Luhe 月光
Raoping (Xinfeng) 月娘
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 月娘
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 月娘, 月
Changting 月光
Shanghang 月光
Yongding 月光
Wuping 月光
Wuping (Yanqian) 月光
Wuping (Pingyu) 月光
Liancheng 月光
Liancheng (Peitian) 月光
Ninghua 月光
Qingliu 月光光
Yudu 月亮
Ningdu 月光
Ruijin 月光
Shicheng 月光
Shangyou (Shexi) 月涼
Tonggu (Sandu) 月光
Ganzhou (Panlong) 月光
Dayu 月豁哩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 月光
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 月光
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 月光
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 月光
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 月光
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 月光
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 月光, 月華
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 月光, 月華
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 月光, 月華
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 月光
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 月光, 月娘
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 月光
Hong Kong 月光
Yangxi (Tangkou) 月亮
Yangchun (Sanjia) 月光
Xinyi (Sihe) 月光
Xinyi (Qianpai) 月光
Gaozhou (Xindong) 月光
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 月光
Huazhou (Xin'an) 月光
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 月光
Lianjiang (Qingping) 月光
Mengshan (Xihe) 月光
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao) 月光
Luchuan 月光
Luchuan (Daqiao) 月光
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan) 月光
Bobai (Shahe) 月亮
Bobai (Longtan) 月光
Bobai (Lingping) 月光
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian) 月光
Beiliu (Tang'an) 月光
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 月光
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang) 月光
Xingye (Gaofeng) 月光
Rongxian (Xiandi) 月光
Mashan (Pianlian) 月光
Binyang (Wangling) 月光
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 月光
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 月光
Lipu (Dashigu) 月光
Pingle (Tong'an) 月光
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 月光
Tianlin (Gaolong) 月光
Guidong 月光
Chengdu (Longtan) 月光
Chengdu (Shiling) 月光
Chengdu (Longwang) 月光
Chengdu (Shibantan) 月光
Chengdu (Hexingchang) 月光
Chengdu (Xindu Subdistrict) 月光
Weiyuan (Guanyingtan) 月光
Yilong (Ma'an) 月光
Xichang (Huanglianguan) 月光
Sabah (Longchuan) 月光
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 月光
Senai (Huiyang) 月光
Senai (Hepo) 月光
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 月光
Singkawang 月光
Pontianak (Meixian) 月光
Mempawah (Meixian) 月光
Medan (Metal - Meixian) 月光
Singapore (Meixian) 月光
Singapore (Dabu) 月光
Bangkok (Meixian) 月光
Bangkok (Fengshun) 月光
Bangkok (Jiexi) 月光
Huizhou Jixi 月亮
Shexian 月亮
Shexian (Xianggao) 月亮
Shexian (Daguyun) 月光, 月亮, 月亮坦坦 childish
Tunxi 月光
Xiuning 月光, 月光爺爺 childish
Yixian 月光
Qimen 月亮
Qimen (Anling Minhua) 月亮
Wuyuan 月光
Fuliang 月光
Dexing 月光
Shitai (Xianyu) 月亮
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 月亮, 月亮娘娘 childish
Chun'an (Jiangjia) 月亮, 月亮婆婆 childish
Jiande (Meicheng) 月亮
Jiande (Shouchang) 月亮
Jin Taiyuan 月明, 月明爺, 月亮, 月亮爺
Taiyuan (Jiancaoping) 月明, 月明爺
Taiyuan (Jinyuan) 月明, 月明爺
Pingyao 月明爺, 後天爺
Yangyuan 月亮, 月婆
Datong 月亮
Datong (Yunzhou) 月亮
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 月亮
Xinzhou 月明, 月爺爺
Lishi 月明
Lanxian 月明
Linfen 月明
Changzhi 月明兒
Taibus (Baochang) 月亮
Linhe 月兒, 月亮
Jining 月亮
Liangcheng 月亮
Hohhot 月亮
Baotou 月亮
Dongsheng 月兒
Haibowan 月兒
Erenhot 月亮
Pingshan 月亮, 月亮帶兒
Zhangjiakou 月亮
Zhangjiakou (Chongli) 月亮爺
Handan 月亮, 明奶奶
Linzhang 月亮, 明奶奶
Anyang 月亮
Linzhou 月亮, 明奶奶
Suide 月亮兒, 月兒
Zizhou 月兒
Mizhi 月兒
Jiaxian 月兒
Wubu 月亮
Shenmu 月兒, 月爺爺
Fugu 月亮
Yulin 月兒
Yulin (Hengshan) 月兒
Jingbian 月亮兒
Yan'an 月亮
Yan'an (Ansai) 月亮兒
Ganquan 月亮兒
Zhidan 月亮兒
Wuqi-J 月亮兒
Qingjian 月明
Zichang 月亮兒
Yanchuan 月明
Yanchang 月亮兒
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 月亮
Jinhua 月亮
Lanxi 月亮
Tunxi 日亮
Northern Min Jian'ou 月, 月二奶
Jian'ou (Dikou) 月南姊
Yanping (Xiayang) 月二奶
Songxi 月奶, 月
Zhenghe 月奶, 月
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 月奶
Shunchang (Yangdun) 月奶
Jianyang 月
Wuyishan 月光
Pucheng (Shibei) 月奶, 月
Eastern Min Fuzhou 月
Changle 月
Lianjiang 月
Fuqing 月, 月光
Yongtai 月
Minqing 月奶
Gutian 月
Pingnan 月
Luoyuan 月
Fu'an 月
Ningde 月
Xiapu 月
Zherong 月
Shouning 月
Zhouning 月
Fuding 月
Matsu 月
Taishun 月
Cangnan 月光, 月光母
Southern Min Xiamen 月娘, 月, 月公公 childish, 月娘媽 dated, respectful
Xiamen (Heshan) 月娘
Xiamen (Tong'an) 月娘
Quanzhou 月娘, 月, 月娘媽 dated, respectful
Jinjiang 月娘
Hui'an 月娘
Yongchun 月, 月娘
Zhangzhou 月娘, 月, 月公公 childish, 月娘媽 dated, respectful
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 月公公, 月娘
Hua'an 月娘, 月
Nanjing 月娘
Pinghe 月娘
Zhao'an 月娘
Dongshan 月娘媽
Taipei 月娘
Taipei (Wanhua) 月娘
New Taipei (Tamsui) 月娘
New Taipei (Sanxia) 月娘
New Taipei (Pingxi) 月娘
Kaohsiung 月娘
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 月娘
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 月娘
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 月娘
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 月娘
Yilan 月亮, 月娘
Yilan (Luodong) 月娘
Yilan (Toucheng) 月娘
Changhua (Lukang) 月娘
Taichung 月娘
Taichung (Wuqi) 月娘
Tainan 月娘
Tainan (Anping) 月娘
Tainan (Shanhua) 月娘
Taitung 月娘
Hsinchu 月娘
Miaoli (Houlong) 月娘
Yunlin (Mailiao) 月娘
Chiayi 月娘
Chiayi County (Dongshi) 月娘
Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) 月光, 月娘, 月公公
Kinmen 月娘
Kinmen (Jinsha) 月娘, 月
Penghu (Magong) 月娘
Penghu (Xiyu) 月娘
Penang (Hokkien) 月娘, 月
Singapore (Hokkien) 月娘, 月, 月娘媽
Manila (Hokkien) 月娘
Longyan 月
Zhangping 月
Zhangping (Yongfu) 月
Datian 月, 月光光
Shunchang (Pushang) 月
Pingnan (Shangdu) 月光
Pingnan (Pingtian) 月光
Pingnan (Sijie) 月光
Guiping (Xiaowen) 月光
Guiping (Dongsheng) 月光
Guilin (Biyange) 月光
Pingle (Zhoutang) 月光
Lechang (Tatou) 月光
Renhua (Changshabei) 月光
Yingde (Yuzui) 月光
Yunan (Liantan) 月光
Hangzhou (Pingfeng) 月光
Cangnan 月光
Yixing (Shangba) 月光
Chaozhou 月, 月娘
Raoping 月娘
Shantou 月, 月娘
Shantou (Chenghai) 月, 月娘
Shantou (Daxin, Chenghai) 月
Shantou (Chaoyang) 月
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 月, 月娘
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 月, 月娘
Jieyang 月, 月娘
Puning 月娘, 月, 月娘嬡
Lufeng 月姑
Haifeng 月, 月姑
Fengshun (Liuhuang) 月娘
Hong Kong (Yuen Chau Tsai) 月光娘
Hong Kong (Sha Tau Kok) 月光娘
Bangkok (Teochew) 月娘
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 月娘
Hat Yai (Teochew) 月娘
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 月娘
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 月娘
Pontianak (Teochew) 月娘
Leizhou 月嬭, 月娘, 月
Wenchang 月, 月娘
Haikou 月, 月娘
Qionghai 月, 月娘
Wanning 月娘
Puxian Min Putian 月娘, 月
Putian (Donghai) 月公, 月, 月娘
Putian (Jiangkou) 月娘
Putian (Nanri) 月
Xianyou 月公
Xianyou (Fengting) 月公
Xianyou (Youyang) 月公
Fuding (Aoyao) 月
Central Min Yong'an 月
Sanyuan 月
Shaxian 月
Yanping (Wangtai) 月
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 月光
Guangze 月光
Jiangle 月光
Mingxi 月, 月嫲姐
Shunchang 月光
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 月光
Sanxiang 月光, 月翁, 月光翁
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 月亮
Nanning (Shajing) 月光
Nanning (Gejiayuan) 月亮
Nanning (Zhegulu) 月
Nanning (Xinxu) 月亮
Nanning (Silian) 月亮
Nanning (Xiuxiang) 月亮
Nanning (Sucun) 月亮, 月
Binyang 月亮
Binyang (Xinqiao) 月亮
Hengzhou (Baihe) 月亮
Chongzuo (Laituan) 月亮
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 月光
Guilin (Chaoyang) 月光
Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 月亮
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 月光
Guilin (Dabu) 月子, 月子光
Guilin (Yangjia) 月光
Guilin (Qianjing) 夜月頭
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 月光
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 月光
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 月光
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 月光
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 月亮
Lingchuan (Gudong) 夜月頭
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 月
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 月光
Lingchuan (Gongping) 餅餅姑
Lingchuan (Lantian) 月光
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 月亮
Quanzhou (Wenqiao) 月亮
Pingle (Zhangjia) 月亮
Pingle (Xintangmian) 月亮
Yangshuo (Jima) 月亮
Yangshuo (Putao) 巴巴娘
Yongfu (Jiangxi) 月光
Yongfu (Chongshan) 月公
Liucheng (Yangmei) 月亮
Luocheng (Niubi) 月亮
Zhongshan (Gong'an) 月亮
Shehua Ningde 月
Fu'an 月
Fuding 月
Zhouning 月
Xiapu 月
Shouning 月
Gutian 月
Luoyuan 月
Sanming 月
Shunchang 月
Hua'an 月
Guixi (Zhangping) 月光
Yanshan (Taiyuan) 月光
Cangnan 月光
Jingning 月
Lishui 月光
Longyou 月
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 月光
Jiande 月
Ningguo (Yunti) 月光
Chaozhou 月姊
Fengshun 月皓
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 月亮
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 月亮
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 月亮
Luxi (Lijiatian) 月亮
Chengbu (Xuntou) 月亮
Wu Shanghai 月亮
Shanghai (Chongming) 月亮
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 月亮
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 月亮
Shanghai (Songjiang) 月亮
Suzhou 月亮, 亮月 suburbs
Suzhou (Wujiang) 月亮
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 月亮
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 月亮
Wuxi 月亮, 亮月
Changshu 月亮, 亮月
Kunshan 月亮
Jiaxing 月亮
Jiashan 月亮
Pinghu 月亮
Haining (Yanguan) 月亮
Tongxiang 月亮
Haiyan 月亮, 月婆婆
Changzhou 月亮, 亮月
Liyang 月亮, 亮月
Yixing 月亮, 亮月
Danyang 月亮, 亮月
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 月亮, 亮月
Jingjiang 月亮, 亮月
Jiangyin 月亮, 亮月
Gaochun 月亮
Gaochun (Zhongbao) 月亮
Huzhou 月亮
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 月亮
Changxing 月亮
Anji (Ancheng) 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Deqing 月亮
Hangzhou 月亮
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 月亮
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 月亮
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 月亮
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Tonglu 月亮
Tonglu (Wusheng) 月亮
Shaoxing 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Zhuji 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 月亮
Shengzhou 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Shengzhou (Chongren) 月亮
Shengzhou (Taiping) 月亮
Xinchang 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Ningbo 月亮
Zhenhai 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Fenghua 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Yuyao 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Cixi 月亮
Xiangshan 月亮, 月亮菩薩, 太陰
Ninghai 月亮
Zhoushan 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Huangyan 太陰, 太陰菩薩, 月亮
Tiantai 月亮
Xianju 月亮
Sanmen 月亮, 月亮佛
Linhai 月亮, 太陰佛
Wenling 月亮
Wenzhou 月光, 月光佛 rare
Yueqing 月光, 月光佛
Yongjia (Fenglin) 月光, 月光佛
Rui'an 月光, 月光佛
Pingyang 月光
Taishun 月
Wencheng 月光, 月光佛
Lishui 月亮
Qingtian 月亮
Jinyun 月亮
Wuyi (Liucheng) 月亮
Songyang (Xiping) 月光, 月亮
Songyang (Gushi) 月光
Yunhe 月亮, 月光
Jingning 月亮, 月光
Qingyuan 月
Longquan 月婆婆, 月
Quzhou 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Suichang 月亮, 月光
Jiangshan 日光
Changshan 月光, 熱光
Kaihua 日光
Longyou 月亮
Jinhua 月亮, 月亮婆婆 childish, 月亮公公 childish
Jinhua (Tangxi) 月亮, 月月娘
Yiwu 月亮, 月亮菩薩
Yongkang 月亮, 月亮婆婆
Pujiang 月亮
Dongyang 月亮
Pan'an 月亮
Wuyi 月亮
Lanxi 月亮
Shangrao 月光
Shangrao (railway koine) 月亮
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 月光
Yushan 月光
Xuancheng (Yanchi) 月亮
Xuancheng (Jinpai) 月亮, 月亮巴巴 childish
Wuhu (Liulang) 月亮
Tongling (Xihu & Shun'an) 月亮
Jingxian (Zhaji) 月亮
Pucheng 月光
Xiang Changsha 月亮
Xiangtan 月光
Miluo (Changle) 月光, 月亮
Xiangxiang 月光
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 月光
Loudi 月光
Shuangfeng 月光
Hengyang 月光
Hengshan 月光
Hengshan (Baiguo) 月光
Jiangyong 月亮, 月亮光
Quanzhou 月亮
Guanyang (Wenshi) 月亮
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 月亮, 月亮公公 childish
Dialectal synonyms of 月餅 (“mooncake”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 月餅
Mandarin Taiwan 月餅
Harbin 月餅
Yantai (Muping) 月餅
Jinan 月餅
Luoyang 月餅
Wanrong 月餅
Xi'an 月餅
Yinchuan 月餅
Ürümqi 月餅
Wuhan 月餅
Chengdu 月餅
Guiyang 月餅
Liuzhou 月餅
Yangzhou 月餅
Nanjing 月餅
Cantonese Guangzhou 月餅, 月 in compounds
Hong Kong 月餅, 月 in compounds
Dongguan 月餅, 月 in compounds
Gan Nanchang 月餅
Lichuan 月餅
Pingxiang 月餅, 中秋餅
Hakka Meixian 月餅, 月光糕
Yudu 月餅, 中秋餅
Huizhou Jixi 月餅
Jin Taiyuan 月餅
Xinzhou 月餅
Northern Min Jian'ou 月餅, 中秋餅
Eastern Min Fuzhou 月餅, 中秋餅
Southern Min Xiamen 中秋餅, 月餅, 會餅
Quanzhou 中秋餅, 月餅
Zhangzhou 中秋餅, 月餅
Manila (Hokkien) 月餅
Haikou 中秋餅, 中秋月餅
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 月餅
Wu Shanghai 月餅
Shanghai (Chongming) 月餅
Suzhou 月餅
Danyang 月餅
Hangzhou 月餅
Ningbo 月餅
Wenzhou 月餅
Jinhua 月餅, 起酥
Xiang Changsha 月餅
Loudi 月餅

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (月):

Others:

  • → Bouyei: nguad (“month”)
  • →? Thai: งวด (ngûuat, “appointed time”)
  • → Zhuang: nyied (“moon; month”)

See also[edit]

Months of the year
  • 一月 (yīyuè, “January”)
  • 二月 (èryuè, “February”)
  • 三月 (sānyuè, “March”)
  • 四月 (sìyuè, “April”)
  • 五月 (wŭyuè, “May”)
  • 六月 (liùyuè, “June”)
  • 七月 (qīyuè, “July”)
  • 八月 (bāyuè, “August”)
  • 九月 (jiŭyuè, “September”)
  • 十月 (shíyuè, “October”)
  • 十一月 (shíyīyuè, “November”)
  • 十二月 (shíèryuè, “December”)

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 月 – see 肉 (“meat; flesh; pork; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of 肉).

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 月 – see 夕 (“night; evening; dusk”).
(This character is an ancient form of 夕).

Etymology 4[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 月 – see 明 (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of 明).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

月

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
つき
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨tuki2⟩ → */tukɨ/ → */t͡sukɨ/ → /t͡suki/

From Old Japanese 月 (tuki2), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tukui.[1] For the vowel alternation, see WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(つき) • (tsuki) 

  1. the moon
    Synonyms: 太陰 (taiin), ムーン (mūn)
  2. (astronomy) a natural satellite
  3. moonlight, moonbeam
    Synonyms: 月光 (gekkō), 月影 (tsukikage)
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of the moon
  5. (tarot) the Moon, the eighteenth trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks
  6. a month
  7. Short for 月囲い (tsukigakoi): a mistress on a monthly allowance
  8. (archaic) a menstrual cycle, menstruation (believed to be caused by the moon)
    Synonyms: 月経 (gekkei), 月の物 (tsuki no mono)
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:月.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms from つき
Japanese number-counter combinations for 月(つき) (tsuki)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How many?
一(ひと)月(つき) (hitotsuki) 二(ふた)月(つき) (futatsuki) 三(み)月(つき) (mitsuki) 四(よ)月(つき) (yotsuki) 五(いつ)月(つき) (itsutsuki) 六(む)月(つき) (mutsuki) 七(なな)月(つき) (nanatsuki) 八(や)月(つき) (yatsuki) 九(ここの)月(つき) (kokonotsuki) 十(と)月(つき) (totsuki) 何(なん)月(つき) (nantsuki)
Idioms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

月(つき) • (Tsuki) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
がつ
Grade: 1
kan’yōon

/ɡʷatɨ/ → /ɡʷat͡su/ → /ɡat͡su/

From Middle Chinese 月 (ŋʉɐt̚). The 慣用音 (kan'yōon) reading, a pronunciation in common usage based on a corruption of the Middle Chinese borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Some dictionaries apparently classify this reading as both 呉音 (goon) and 慣用音 (kan'yōon).

Suffix[edit]

月(がつ) • (-gatsu) ←ぐわつ (gwatu)?

  1. month of the year
Derived terms[edit]
Japanese number-counter combinations for 月(がつ) (gatsu)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th Which month?
一(いち)月(がつ) (ichigatsu) 二(に)月(がつ) (nigatsu) 三(さん)月(がつ) (sangatsu) 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu) 五(ご)月(がつ) (gogatsu) 六(ろく)月(がつ) (rokugatsu) 七(しち)月(がつ) (shichigatsu)
七(なな)月(がつ) (nanagatsu) 		八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu) 九(く)月(がつ) (kugatsu) 十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu) 十(じゅう)一(いち)月(がつ) (jūichigatsu) 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu) 何(なん)月(がつ) (nangatsu)

Affix[edit]

月(がつ) • (-gatsu) ←ぐわつ (gwatu)?

  1. moon
  2. month
Usage notes[edit]

When used in most compounds or when counting a number of months with ヶ (ka), 月 is pronounced げつ (getsu). When used in compounds for modern months of the year, it is pronounced がつ (gatsu). When used for poetic or lunar months, it is pronounced つき (tsuki).

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms from がつ

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
げつ
Grade: 1
kan’on

/ɡʷetu/ → /ɡet͡su/

From Middle Chinese 月 (ŋʉɐt̚).

The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Hakka 月 (ngie̍t), Min Nan 月 (ge̍h).

Pronunciation[edit]

Counter[edit]

月(げつ) • (-getsu) ←ぐゑつ (gwetu)?

  1. a month as a duration of time
  2. (possibly obsolete) month of the year
Usage notes[edit]

When used in most compounds or when counting a number of months with ヶ (ka), 月 is pronounced げつ (getsu). When used in compounds for modern months of the year, it is pronounced がつ (gatsu). When used for poetic or lunar months, it is pronounced つき (tsuki).

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(げつ) • (getsu) 

  1. Short for 月曜日 (getsuyōbi): Monday

Affix[edit]

月(げつ) • (getsu) 

  1. moon
  2. month
  3. menstruation, menstrual cycle
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms from げつ

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
がち
Grade: 1
goon

/ɡʷat͡ɕi/ → /ɡat͡ɕi/

First attested in the Edo period.

Appears to be a poetic use of the 呉音 (goon) reading, in reference to a rank of 端女郎 (hashi jorō, “low-end prostitute”) in the Kansai region. According to a popular song, a 月 (gachi, “moon”) prostitute cost one 匁 (monme, old unit of currency, worth roughly 3.75 grams of silver), a 影 (kage, “shadow”) prostitute cost two monme, and a 汐 (shio, “tide; loveliness”) prostitute cost three monme.[2][4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(がち) • (gachi) ←ぐわち (gwati)?

  1. (Kansai, historical) during the Edo period, a low rank of low-end prostitute
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
がち
Grade: 1
goon

Either a shift in sense from the low-ranking prostitute meaning above, or a shift in pronunciation from 頑痴 (ganchi, “stubborn and stupid”).[2][4]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

月(がち) • (gachi) ←ぐわち (gwati)?†-nari

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) crude, unrefined, hickish
    Synonym: 野暮 (yabo)
Inflection[edit]
Classical conjugation of "月なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 月なら がちなら gatinara
Continuative (連用形) 月に[1]
月なり[2]		 がちに
がちなり		 gatini
gatinari
Terminal (終止形) 月なり がちなり gatinari
Attributive (連体形) 月なる がちなる gatinaru
Realis (已然形) 月なれ がちなれ gatinare
Imperative (命令形) 月なれ がちなれ gatinare
Key constructions
Negative 月ならず がちならず gatinarazu
Contrasting conjunction 月なれど がちなれど gatinaredo
Causal conjunction 月なれば がちなれば gatinareba
Conditional conjunction 月ならば がちならば gatinaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 月なりき がちなりき gatinariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 月なりけり がちなりけり gatinarikeri
Adverbial 月に がちに gatini
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun[edit]

月(がち) • (gachi) ←ぐわち (gwati)?

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) something or someone that/who is crude, unrefined, hickish
    Synonym: 野暮 (yabo)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2012) “日琉祖語の分岐年代”, in 琉球諸語と古代日本語に関する比較言語学的研究」ワークショップ‎[1], page 6
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 月 (MC ngjwot).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅯᇙ〮 (Yale: ngwélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: tól) 월〮 (Yale: wél)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

月 (eumhun 달 월 (dal wol))

  1. Hanja form? of 월 (“month”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 월 (“moon”). [affix]
  3. Hanja form? of 월 (“Short for 월요일(月曜日) (woryoil, “Monday”).”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

Kunigami[edit]

Kanji[edit]

月

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(しちー) (shichī) 

  1. the moon

Miyako[edit]

Kanji[edit]

月

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Hirara) IPA(key): /t͡sɨ̥.kˢɨ/
  • (Ōgami) IPA(key): /ks̩.ks̩/

Noun[edit]

月(つぃきぃ) (tsïksï) 

  1. the moon
  2. a month
  3. (abbreviation) Monday

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

月

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (topicalized) 月ぇ (chichē)

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
ちち
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki, from Proto-Japonic *tukuy.

Cognate with Japanese 月 (tsuki).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(ちち) (chichi) ←つぃち (twiti)?

  1. the moon
  2. a month
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms from ちち

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
月
ぐゎち
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(ぐゎち) (gwachi) 

  1. month of the year

Suffix[edit]

月(ぐゎち) (-gwachi) 

  1. month of the year

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎[2], 1963

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *tukuy.

Noun[edit]

月 (tuki2) (kana つき)

  1. the moon
  2. a month
  3. a menstrual cycle, menstruation (believed to be caused by the moon)
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:月.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

月 (tuku) (kana つく)

  1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) the moon
  2. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) a month
  3. Combining form of ツキ乙 (tuki2) above
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:月.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

月: Hán Việt readings: nguyệt (魚(ngư)厥(quyết)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], ngoạt[3][4][5], nhục (而(nhi)六(lục)切(thiết))[2][4]
月: Nôm readings: nguyệt[1][2][4][6], ngoạt[4][6], nhục[2][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of nguyệt, ngoạt (“moon; month”).
  2. chữ Hán form of nhục (“Alternative form of 肉 (“meat radical”)”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds derived from 月 (nguyệt)
Compounds derived from 月 (ngoạt)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama[edit]

Kanji[edit]

月

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(つぃきぃ) (tsïkï) 

  1. the moon

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

月

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

月(ってぃー) (ttī) 

  1. the moon
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